High potassium disease

The cause of hyperkalemia

1. Renal excretion of potassium decreases

(1) Acute renal failure: late stage of oliguria or chronic renal failure.

(2) Adrenal cortical hormone synthesis and secretion deficiencies: such as adrenal hypofunction, hypoaldosteronism.

(3) Potassium sparing diuretics: long-term use of chlorobenzene pteridine and spironolactone (spironolactone) and amlodipine (Amy and amiloride).

2. Intracellular potassium migration

(1)Hemolysis, tissue damage, tumor or inflammatory cells necrosis, hypoxia, shock, burns, excessive muscle contracture, etc..

(2)Acidosis

(3) Hyperkalemia periodic paralysis.

(4) Injection of hypertonic saline and mannitol, due to intracellular dehydration, changes in cell membrane permeability or cell metabolism, so that intracellular potassium removed.

3. Enter too much Potassium drugs

Penicillin potassium salt (per 100 million units of potassium 1.5mmol) high-dose application or potassium-containing solution input too much, too hasty.

4.Enter too much Banked blood

5. Digitalis poisoning

Digitalis excess can cause ion pump activity to reduce, affecting potassium into cells.

The symptoms of hyperkalemia

The main performance of extreme burnout, muscle weakness, tendon reflexes can disappear, there may be slow movement, drowsiness and other central nervous system symptoms. Heart sounds low blunt, heart rate slow, ventricular contraction, atrioventricular block, ventricular fibrillation or cardiac arrest.

The treatment of hyperkalemia

（1） Promote the excretion of potassium ions in vitro：Marrow loop or thiazide diuretics, hemodialysis to remove potassium in the body, cation exchange resin.

（2） Diet：Stop taking food containing potassium.

（3） Stop inducing drugs: Stop all drugs that may cause elevated serum potassium.

（4） Remove the incentive: Remove the cause of hyperkalemia or treatment of  hyperkalemia caused by disease.