Three basic functions of kidney

1, Produce urine, excretion of metabolites. Multiple kinds of wastes are produced in the metabolic processes of the body, most wastes filtrated by glomerular and renal tubular secretion then going out of the body within urine.

2, maintain fluid balance and acid-base balance in the body. Through glomerular filtration of the kidney, renal tubular reabsorption and secretion, discharge excess water in the body, regulate acid-base balance, maintaining the stability of the internal environment.

3, endocrine function.

(1), the secretion of Renin, prostaglandins, kinin. Through the Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, and kinin-bradykinin-prostaglandin system to regulate blood pressure.

(2), and erythropoietin, stimulates bone marrow hematopoiesis.

(3), active VitD3. Regulation of calcium and phosphorus metabolism.

(4), Place of endocrine hormone degradation --such as insulin and gut hormones and so on. When renal function insufficiency, these hormones T1/2 prolonged, can cause metabolic disorders.

(5), the target organs of hormones out of kidney. Such as parathyroid hormone and procalcitonin. Effect and regulation of kidney function.

Water

Ensure not too much moisture in the body, but also not too less

Acid-base balance

Regulation of body PH

Blood pressure

Maintaining stable blood pressure

Heart

Electrolytes (potassium, sodium, calcium) balance depends on the normal kidney function, and the imbalance may lead to arrhythmia

Metabolic wastes

Clear uric acid, urea, toxins, and other metabolic wastes

Bones

Kidney is an important place for the Activation of vitamin d, regulating calcium absorption

Blood

Release of erythropoietin (EPO), the promote bone marrow to produce more red blood cells